「in which」って何者!?前置詞+関係代名詞を完全マスター!

📘 これが出たらちょっとドキッ!?前置詞+関係代名詞とは?

次のような英文を見たことがあるかな?

✅ This is the room in which I stayed.
✅ The girl to whom he gave the book is my sister.

こうした「前置詞+関係代名詞」の形は、文法的には正しくてフォーマルな表現だけど、ちょっと難しく感じる人も多いよね。
今日のブログでは、そんな「関係詞+前置詞」の使い方とコツを、スッキリ整理していこう!

🔍 どうして「前置詞+関係代名詞」が登場するの?

「関係代名詞」や「関係副詞」の世界では、関係節の中の単語が足りないときに、その役割を補うのが関係詞だよね。

たとえば:

✅ This is the house which I bought.
→ 「I bought ○○」の「○○」が抜けてるから、which でつなぐ!

じゃあ、もし関係節の中に「前置詞の目的語」 そう、それが「前置詞+関係代名詞」の出番だよ!

✅ This is the room in which I stayed.
→ 「I stayed in ○○」の「○○」が欠けてる → in which で補う!

関係副詞wherewhen は、「in which / at which」などを
まとめてくれる省略&変換の便利なアイテムなんだ🎩✨

つまり、次のような関係があるよ:

  • in which / at whichwhere に変換可能
  • on whichwhen に変換可能
  • for whichwhy に変換可能(the reason)

ただし、場所・時間・理由の先行詞がない or 特別なときは、
素直に in whichto whom を使う必要があるんだ!

🚫 前置詞+thatはNG!?覚えておきたい例外ルール

実は、that はとても便利な関係代名詞だけど、
前置詞の直後には置けないというルールがあるんだ!

✖️ The house in that I lived was old.(×)
✔️ The house that I lived in was old.(○)
✔️ The house in which I lived was old.(○)

つまり、「that」はカジュアルな語順(前置詞を文末に置く)で使うのが基本!
前置詞を前に出したいときは、which や whom を使う必要があるよ。

  • ✅ I bought the car that she was talking about.(自然)
  • ✅ I bought the car about which she was talking.(フォーマル)
  • 🚫 I bought the car about that she was talking.(NG❌)

💡 だから「前置詞の直後は that を避ける」というのが魔法のルール!

📘 2つの文から関係詞へ!前置詞+関係代名詞のパターン集

まずは「元の2文」を確認してから、関係詞でまとめた文を見てみよう!

  • ① This is the movie.
    ② I told you about the movie.
    → ✅ This is the movie about which I told you.
  • ① The girl is my cousin.
    ② I gave a present to the girl.
    → ✅ The girl to whom I gave a present is my cousin.
  • ① The room was very quiet.
    ② We stayed in the room.
    → ✅ The room in which we stayed was very quiet.
  • ① That is the reason.
    ② I quit the job for that reason.
    → ✅ That is the reason for which I quit the job.

📝 練習問題:答えと解説つき!

  1. This is the topic (   ) we talked yesterday.
    A. in which  B. about which  C. to which  D. of which
    ▶️ 答えと解説 正解:B. about which
    → talk about ~(~について話す)だから about which が正解!
    ✖️ 他の選択肢は前置詞の使い方が合わないよ。
  2. The man (   ) I spoke is my teacher.
    A. to whom  B. for whom  C. with whom  D. on whom
    ▶️ 答えと解説 正解:A. to whom
    → speak to ~(~に話しかける)を知っていれば迷わない!
  3. I visited the house (   ) my grandmother was born.
    A. in which  B. on which  C. at which  D. by which
    ▶️ 答えと解説 正解:A. in which
    → be born in ~(~で生まれる)がヒントだよ✨
  4. The person (   ) I borrowed the book is very kind.
    A. to whom  B. from whom  C. with whom  D. at whom
    ▶️ 答えと解説 正解:B. from whom
    → borrow A from B(BからAを借りる)を思い出して!
  5. That is the reason (   ) I made that decision.
    A. for which  B. at which  C. in which  D. by which
    ▶️ 答えと解説 正解:A. for which
    → reason と for which の相性はバツグン!
    why に書き換えてもOKだよ。

📊 関係代名詞・関係副詞・前置詞+関係代名詞 比較まとめ

種類 特徴 文の形 例文
関係代名詞
who / which / that
名詞を修飾。不完全な文が後ろに続く I know the girl who is singing. = I know the girl. + The girl is singing.
関係副詞
when / where / why
先行詞+完全な文。副詞の働きをする This is the day when I met her. = I met her on the day.
前置詞+関係代名詞
in which / to whom など
関係代名詞が前置詞の目的語。完全な文 The house in which I lived was big. = I lived in the house.

🔍 ポイント:文を2つに分けて、欠けている語(主語・目的語・副詞句)を探すと、どの関係詞を使えばよいかが見えてくるよ!

TOP