目次
Outline
📘 これが出たらちょっとドキッ!?前置詞+関係代名詞とは?
次のような英文を見たことがあるかな?
✅ This is the room in which I stayed.
✅ The girl to whom he gave the book is my sister.
こうした「前置詞+関係代名詞」の形は、文法的には正しくてフォーマルな表現だけど、ちょっと難しく感じる人も多いよね。
今日のブログでは、そんな「関係詞+前置詞」の使い方とコツを、スッキリ整理していこう!
🔍 どうして「前置詞+関係代名詞」が登場するの?
「関係代名詞」や「関係副詞」の世界では、関係節の中の単語が足りないときに、その役割を補うのが関係詞だよね。
たとえば:
✅ This is the house which I bought.
→ 「I bought ○○」の「○○」が抜けてるから、which でつなぐ!
じゃあ、もし関係節の中に「前置詞の目的語」 そう、それが「前置詞+関係代名詞」の出番だよ!
✅ This is the room in which I stayed.
→ 「I stayed in ○○」の「○○」が欠けてる → in which で補う!
関係副詞の where
や when
は、「in which / at which」などを
まとめてくれる省略&変換の便利なアイテムなんだ🎩✨
つまり、次のような関係があるよ:
- in which / at which → where に変換可能
- on which → when に変換可能
- for which → why に変換可能(the reason)
ただし、場所・時間・理由の先行詞がない or 特別なときは、
素直に in which
や to whom
を使う必要があるんだ!
🚫 前置詞+thatはNG!?覚えておきたい例外ルール
実は、that はとても便利な関係代名詞だけど、
前置詞の直後には置けないというルールがあるんだ!
✖️ The house in that I lived was old.(×)
✔️ The house that I lived in was old.(○)
✔️ The house in which I lived was old.(○)
つまり、「that」はカジュアルな語順(前置詞を文末に置く)で使うのが基本!
前置詞を前に出したいときは、which や whom を使う必要があるよ。
- ✅ I bought the car that she was talking about.(自然)
- ✅ I bought the car about which she was talking.(フォーマル)
- 🚫 I bought the car about that she was talking.(NG❌)
💡 だから「前置詞の直後は that を避ける」というのが魔法のルール!
📘 2つの文から関係詞へ!前置詞+関係代名詞のパターン集
まずは「元の2文」を確認してから、関係詞でまとめた文を見てみよう!
-
① This is the movie.
② I told you about the movie.
→ ✅ This is the movie about which I told you. -
① The girl is my cousin.
② I gave a present to the girl.
→ ✅ The girl to whom I gave a present is my cousin. -
① The room was very quiet.
② We stayed in the room.
→ ✅ The room in which we stayed was very quiet. -
① That is the reason.
② I quit the job for that reason.
→ ✅ That is the reason for which I quit the job.
📝 練習問題:答えと解説つき!
-
This is the topic ( ) we talked yesterday.
A. in which B. about which C. to which D. of which▶️ 答えと解説
正解:B. about which
→ talk about ~(~について話す)だから about which が正解!
✖️ 他の選択肢は前置詞の使い方が合わないよ。 -
The man ( ) I spoke is my teacher.
A. to whom B. for whom C. with whom D. on whom▶️ 答えと解説
正解:A. to whom
→ speak to ~(~に話しかける)を知っていれば迷わない! -
I visited the house ( ) my grandmother was born.
A. in which B. on which C. at which D. by which▶️ 答えと解説
正解:A. in which
→ be born in ~(~で生まれる)がヒントだよ✨ -
The person ( ) I borrowed the book is very kind.
A. to whom B. from whom C. with whom D. at whom▶️ 答えと解説
正解:B. from whom
→ borrow A from B(BからAを借りる)を思い出して! -
That is the reason ( ) I made that decision.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. by which▶️ 答えと解説
正解:A. for which
→ reason と for which の相性はバツグン!
why に書き換えてもOKだよ。
📊 関係代名詞・関係副詞・前置詞+関係代名詞 比較まとめ
種類 | 特徴 | 文の形 | 例文 |
---|---|---|---|
関係代名詞who / which / that |
名詞を修飾。不完全な文が後ろに続く | I know the girl who is singing. | = I know the girl. + The girl is singing. |
関係副詞when / where / why |
先行詞+完全な文。副詞の働きをする | This is the day when I met her. | = I met her on the day. |
前置詞+関係代名詞in which / to whom など |
関係代名詞が前置詞の目的語。完全な文 | The house in which I lived was big. | = I lived in the house. |
🔍 ポイント:文を2つに分けて、欠けている語(主語・目的語・副詞句)を探すと、どの関係詞を使えばよいかが見えてくるよ!